Phytochemical Survey and Antioxidant Activity of Natural Population of Dorema aucheri Boiss. from Dalahoo

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Soil Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

10.22126/atic.2026.10722.1148

Abstract

Dorema aucheri Boiss. (Bilhar) is an important perennial herb belonging to the Apiaceae family. The bioactive compounds found in D. aucheri have been documented in traditional medicine to have liver-health effects, as well as stimulant, anti-spasmodic, and expectorant properties. Considering the extinction risk of this valuable species, the present study was conducted. Roots, stems, leaves, and flowers of D. aucheri were collected from Dalahoo County (46º 17ʹ 57ʺ N, 34º 16ʹ 50ʺ E), Kermanshah Province, Iran. Their volatile components and compositions were investigated with gas chromatography techniques. The essential oil (EO) yield of D. aucheri was 0.45, 0.2, 0.35 and 0.4 w/w % (relative to dry weight of plant) for roots, stems, leaves and flowers, respectively. The main compounds identified in the oil of root were thymol (15.9%), β-Caryophyllene (11.3%), and β-bisabolene (8.1%). The highest amounts of compounds in stem were β-Caryophyllene (16.4%), thymol (15.3%), β-bisabolene (6.3%), and Caryophyllene oxide (5.1%). The main constituents of leaf oil were heptacosane (17.3%), thymol (14.2%), β-Caryophyllene (10.0%), β-bisabolene (7.0%), and Caryophyllene oxide (5.1%). The major constituents of the flower oil were β-Caryophyllene (20.2%), thymol (12.4%), heptacosane (7.3%), and β-bisabolene (4.1%). A methanolic extract was also prepared from all samples and their total tannin content, saponin, antioxidant activity, including DPPH and FRAP, total phenolic and flavonoid contents were evaluated. The results obtained showed there was a significant difference among all extracts of D. aucheri in terms of the AA, tannin content, saponin, total phenol content and total flavonoid content (p≤0.01). The flower sample showed the maximum antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 148.1 μg ml-1 and FRAP of 23.3 mg Fe2+ g-1 DW. It is suggested to expand the cultivation of this valuable plant in pastures to compensate for the excessive harvesting of the plant.

Graphical Abstract

Phytochemical Survey and Antioxidant Activity of Natural Population of Dorema aucheri Boiss. from Dalahoo

Highlights

  • The yield and chemical composition of essential oils from various parts of Dorema aucheri were characterized.
  • Thymol and β-caryophyllene were identified as predominant volatile constituents.
  • Flower extracts displayed the highest antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 148.1 μg/ml).
  • Significant differences in phenolic and flavonoid contents were observed among different plant parts (p ≤ 0.01).

 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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