Effects of Various Plant Extracts on the Seedling Development of Cichorium intybus and Alopecurus myosuroides

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran

2 Medicinal Plants and by Products Department, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

The study aimed to assess the impact of extracts from plant species on the early growth of Cichorium intybus and Alopecurus myosuroides weeds in laboratory and greenhouse. In the laboratory, the tested extracts included Papaver fruits, Harmel seeds, Fenugreek seeds, Artichoke leaves, Peanut shoots, Camelina shoots, Juglans fruit skins, and Pomegranate fruit skins at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g.l-1. Distilled water and trifluralin were assigned as the controls, respectively. The most potent inhibitory extracts, Artichoke, Peanut, Pomegranate, and Papaver, at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 g.l-1 in addition to distilled water and glyphosate were applied to C. intybus and A. myosuroides under greenhouse conditions. All the extracts resulted in reduced seed early growth and photosynthetic parameters for both weed species. The phytotoxicity effect of the extracts intensified with 100 and 75 g.l-1, showing the most significant inhibitory effects. The hydroalcoholic extracts of Papaver fruit and Artichoke leaf, which had the highest total phenolic and alkaloid content, demonstrated the most significant herbicidal activity. Plant extracts containing allelochemical properties hold promise for the development of eco-friendly herbicides as substitutes for conventional chemical herbicides.

Graphical Abstract

Effects of Various Plant Extracts on the Seedling Development of Cichorium intybus and Alopecurus myosuroides

Highlights

  • The study identified Artichoke, Papaver, Pomegranate, and Peanut extracts as the most effective in inhibiting the post-germination growth of Cichorium intybus and Alopecurus myosuroides at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 g.l−1
  • All tested plant extracts exhibited a concentration-dependent phytotoxic effect, with the highest concentrations (75 and 100 g.l−1) leading to significant reductions in seedling growth and photosynthetic parameters for both weed species. 
  • The inhibitory effects of the most potent extracts were comparable to those of conventional herbicides like glyphosate and trifluralin, suggesting that plant extracts could serve as eco-friendly alternatives for weed management. 
  • The effectiveness of different plant extracts varied significantly; while Artichoke and Papaver showed the highest inhibition rates, Harmel and Juglans extracts demonstrated minimal effects on post-germination growth, seedling survival rates and growth.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops
Volume 6, Issue 1
Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops (Agrotech Ind Crops) (Online ISSN: 2783-2945)
March 2026
Pages 49-64

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