Expression Pattern of NHX1 and BADH2 Genes of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) under Drought Stress and Nutrient Uptake

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Agriculture Institute, Research Institute of Zabol, Zabol, Iran

Abstract

Quinoa is one of the plants due to its high nutritional value its cultivated area is expanding rapidly in the world. These findings on the stress tolerance of quinoa, focusing on key genes explain drought signal transduction pathways. This perception can raise the comprehension of drought tolerance in quinoa. Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) and Na+/H+ antiporter (NHX1) were evaluated in response to drought and fertilizer stresses in quinoa. The expression of NHX gene was highly upregulated compared with BADH gene under drought stress. The results provide a new insight into the function of NHX and BADH in plant mineral nutrition. Under fertilizer-treated conditions NHX gene was highly upregulated compared with BADH gene. Also NPK fertilizer induces a higher tolerance ability in quinoa. The evaluation of network topology showed that NHX1 gene had the maximum number of intergenic connections with SOS1, SOS3, and AVP1 genes in the network. The AVP1 gene forms complex in cooperation with SOS mutants and plants will be able to withstand higher salt stress as well as water deficit in response. Our finding reinforces the idea that the favorable NHX allele must be ongoingly selected for quinoa growth under unpredictable future climate worsening.

Graphical Abstract

Expression Pattern of NHX1 and BADH2 Genes of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) under Drought Stress and Nutrient Uptake

Highlights

  • In the quinoa plant, as drought stress levels increase, the expression of the NHX gene rises, while the expression of the BADH gene declines.
  • The BADH gene, which is associated with drought resistance, decreased across all treatments.
  • The combination of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer resulted in the least reduction in BADH gene expression, while the use of vermicompost alone led to the most significant decrease.
  • NHX1 gene had the highest number of intergenic connections, totaling four, while the SOS1, SOS3, AVP1, and HKT1 genes each had three connections. This highlights NHX1's central role in the network.
  • NHX1 and BADH2 exhibited the highest betweenness centrality (BC) values. Following these two genes, SOS1, SOS3, AVP1, and HKT1 showed the next highest BC values, further emphasizing their significance within the network.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops
Volume 5, Issue 2
Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops (Agrotech Ind Crops) (Online ISSN: 2783-2945)
June 2025
Pages 111-118

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