Optimizing Callus Induction in Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.): Impact of Hormonal Compositions and Explant Types

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran

10.22126/atic.2025.11070.1160

Abstract

Callus induction and regeneration can greatly help in improving the progress of genetic modification and help in gene transfer. Accordingly, this study investigated the optimal explant and growth regulators for callus formation. The experiment was performed in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design in 5 replications with hormonal composition (13 levels) and explant types (rootlet, leaf and stem) as factors. The levels of hormonal composition contained NAA, BAP, 2,4-D and TDZ applied to the MS media. After 80 days, the explants were measured for various traits, including days to callus formation, callus formation percentage, fresh and dry weight, and mass moisture percentage. According to the analysis of variance, hormonal composition, the type of explant, and their interaction had significant effects on fresh and dry weight and callus formation. [2,4-D (2 mg L-1) + TDZ (2 mg L-1)] and [NAA (2 mg L-1) + BAP (1 mg L-1)] treatments had the highest and lowest percentage of callus formation, respectively. The correlation test revealed a significant relationship between callus formation and both fresh weight and mass moisture percentage. However, callus formation did not show a significant correlation with dry weight. In general, treating leaves with the TDZ resulted in the highest dry and fresh weights compared to treating roots with the BAP. To enhance callus production and achieve better weight in this plant, it is recommended to use leaf explants combined with TDZ (2 mg L-1) and 2,4-D (2 mg L-1).

Graphical Abstract

Optimizing Callus Induction in Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.): Impact of Hormonal Compositions and Explant Types

Highlights

  • Hormonal composition, the type of explant, and their interaction had very significant effects on the percentage of callus formation, as well as the wet and dry weight.
  • Treatments with 2,4-D (2 mg/l) combined with TDZ (2 mg/l) resulted in the highest percentage of callus formation, while NAA (2 mg/l) combined with BAP (1 mg/l) produced the lowest.
  • Leaf explants treated with TDZ hormone yielded the highest fresh and dry weights compared to those treated with BAP hormone.
  • For enhanced callus production with improved weight, it is recommended to utilize leaf explants in conjunction with TDZ (2 mg/l) and 2,4-D (2 mg/l).

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Ahlawat A. 2022. Guar species regenerated through plant tissue culture technique. International Journal of Science and Research 11(9): 276-281. https://doi.org/10.21275/SR22826105425
Ahlawat A., Dhingra H.R., Pahuja S.K. 2013. In vitro callus formation in cultivated and wild species of Cyamopsis. African Journal of Biotechnology 12(30): 4813-4818. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB12.2912
Ahmad N., Faisal M., Anis M. 2013. Role of PGR on in vitro shoot propagation in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. (Taub.): A drought tolerant grain legume. Rendiconti Lincei 24: 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-012-0210-4
Awan S.J., Fatima Z., Kamran S., Khan A.S., Fatima T., Imran S., Shabbir M., Nadeem S.I. 2024. Guar gum in therapeutics: A succinct exploration. Bulletin of Biological and Allied Sciences Research 9(1): 60. https://doi.org/10.54112/bbasr.v2024i1.60
Benakanahalli N.K., Sridhara S., Ramesh N., Olivoto T., Sreekantappa G., Tamam N., Abdelbacki A.M., Elansary H.O., Abdelmohsen S.A. 2021. A framework for identification of stable genotypes basedon MTSI and MGDII indexes: An example in guar (Cymopsis tetragonoloba L.). Agronomy 11(6): 1221. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061221 
Gresta F., De-Luca A.I., Strano A., Falcone G., Santonoceto C., Anastasi U., Gulisano G. 2014. Economic and environmental sustainability analysis of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) farming process in a Mediterranean area: Two case studies. Italian Journal of Agronomy 9(1): 565. https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2014.565
İşlek C. 2023. Chapter 8 - Abiotic elicitor strategies for improving secondary metabolite production in in vitro cultures of plants. Phytohormones and Stress Responsive Secondary Metabolites (pp. 89-98). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91883-1.00008-5
Lualon W., De-Eknamkul W., Tanaka H., Shoyama Y., Putalun W. 2008. Artemisinin production by shoot regeneration of Artemisia annua L. using thidiazuron. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 63: 96-100. https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2008-1-218
Malani S., Ravelombola W., Manley A., Pham H. 2024. Genetic diversity and population structure analysis in guar. Plants 13(22): 3183. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13223183
Mathiyazhagan S., Pahuja S.K., Ahlawat A. 2013. Regeneration in cultivated (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) and wild species (C. serrata) of guar. Legume Research 36(2): 180-187.
Matsumiya Y., Kapoor M.P., Yamaguchi A., Abe A., Sato N. 2024. Synergistic effect of partially hydrolyzed guar gum on Clostridium butyricum in a synbiotic combination for enhanced butyrate production during in-vitro fermentation. Functional Foods in Health and Disease 14(7): 455-469. https://doi.org/10.31989/ffhd.v14i7.1385
Murashige T., Skoog F. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiologia Plantarum 15(3): 473-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1962.tb08052.x
Perchyonok T., Reher V., Grobler S. 2016. Chapter 9: Bioactive-functionalized interpenetrating network hydrogel (BIOF-IPN). Engineering of Nanobiomaterials, Applications of Nanobiomaterials 2: 287-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-41532-3.00009-9
Rani R., Kaushik D., Babagil G.E., Proestos C., Brennan C., Oz F., Kumar M. 2025. Exploring the deciphering properties of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba: Its food application, feasibility, and future aspects. International Journal of Food Science and Technology. vvae098. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijfood/vvae098
Rathod B.U., Dattagonde N.R., Jadhav M.P., Behre P.P. 2017. Effect of different growth regulators on soybean (Glycine max L.) regeneration. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6(11): 2726-2731. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.321
Sarwar M., Skirvin R.M. 1997. Effect of thidiazuron and 6-benzylaminopurine on adventitious shoot regeneration from leaves of three strains of ‘McIntosh’ apple (Mahs X domestica Borkh.) in vitro. Scientia Horticulturae 68(1-4): 95-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4238(96)00971-5
Singla S., Grover K., Angadi S.V., Begna S.H., Schutte B., Van Leeuwen D.J. 2016. Growth and yield of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) genotypes under different planting dates in the semi-arid Southern High Plains. American Journal of Plant Sciences 7(8): 1246-1258. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2016.78120
Thombare N., Jha U., Mishra S., Siddiqui M.J. 2016. Guar gum as a promising starting material for diverse applications: A review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 88: 361-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.04.001
Verma S., Dhugga K.S., Gill K.S., Randhawa G.S. 2024. Downregulation of galactomannan galactosyltransferase in Cyamopsis tetragonoloba. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 159(2): 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-024-02879-2
Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 06 February 2025

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics