Germination Responses and Phenolic Compounds of Securiger securidaca L. Seeds under Drought and Salinity Stress Conditions

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture Science, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Arid and Mountainous Reclamation Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Abiotic stresses affect the germination of many plants. To evaluate the tolerance of the Securiger securidaca medicinal plant to salinity and drought stress in the germination stage, two experiments with a completely randomized design with three replications were conducted in the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory of Shahed University. In this experiment, drought stress includes osmotic potentials of zero (control), -0.2, -0.4, and -0.8, and -1.2, -1.4, -1.6, and -2 MPa, which were prepared from polyethylene glycol 6000, and salt stress was applied using sodium chloride (NaCl) at levels of zero, 2, 6, 10, and 14 dS/m. The results showed that drought stress caused a significant decrease in the germination percentage and rate, shoot and root length, and seedling length, and increased total phenol content. With the increase in drought stress levels to -2 MPa, the percentage of germination decreased by 38.86% compared to the control, and the significant decrease in the percentage of germination started at the level of -0.2 MPa. Salinity stress also affected the germination percentage and rate, root and shoot length, seedling length, and phenol content. Increasing phenol content started at the level of drought stress (-1.2 MPa) and salinity stress (6 dS/m) and intensified with the increase in stress. The results of the research showed that increasing the levels of salinity stress up to 14 dS/m and drought stress up to 2 MPa has a significant decrease in the seed germination percentage of S. securidaca, which can be problematic in the establishment of seedlings.

Graphical Abstract

Germination Responses and Phenolic Compounds of Securiger securidaca L. Seeds under Drought and Salinity Stress Conditions

Highlights

  • Drought stress led to a decrease in the germination percentage and rate of Securigera securidaca seeds.
  • Salinity stress-induced osmotic potential significantly reduced the germination indices of Securigera securidaca seeds.
  • Both drought and salinity stresses had a significant impact on the root and shoot length of Securigera securidaca
  • The intensity of salinity and drought stresses increased the amount of phenolic acid in Securigera securidaca seedlings.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Alhammad B.A., Ahmad A., Seleiman M.F., Tola E. 2023. Seed priming with nanoparticles and 24-epibrassinolide improved seed germination and enzymatic performance of Zea mays L. in salt-stressed soil. Plants 12(4): 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12040690
Alizadeh-Fanalou S., Nazarizadeh A., Babaei M., Khosravi M., Farahmandian N., Bahreini E. 2020. Effects of Securigera securidaca (L.) Degen & Dorfl seed extract combined with glibenclamide on paraoxonase1 activity, lipid profile and peroxidation, and cardiovascular risk indices in diabetic rats. Bioimpacts 10(3): 159-167. https://doi.org/10.34172/bi.2020.20
Amer R. 2021. Spatial relationship between irrigation water salinity, waterlogging, and cropland degradation in the arid and semi-arid environments. Remote Sensing 13(6): 1047. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13061047
Ayaz F.A., Kadioglu A., Turgut R. 2000. Water stress effects on the content of low molecular weight carbohydrates and phenolic acids in Ctenanthe setosa (Rosc.) Eichler. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 80(2): 373-378. https://doi.org/10.4141/P99-005
Balasubramaniam T., Shen G., Esmaeili N., Zhang H. 2023. Plants' response mechanisms to salinity stress. Plants (Basel) 12(12): 2253. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122253
Balouchi H., Soltani Khankahdani V., Moradi A., Gholamhoseini M., Piri R., Heydari S.Z., Dedicova B. 2023. Seed fatty acid changes germination response to temperature and water potentials in six sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivars: Estimating the cardinal temperatures. Agriculture 13(10): 1936. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13101936
Bayat H., Aminifard M.H. 2018. Effects of salinity and drought stresses on seed germination, growth and proline content of common daisy (Bellis perennis L." Bellissima mixture") seedling. Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Research 5(2): 83-93. (In Farsi). https://doi.org/10.22124/jms.2018.2913
Bistgani Z.E., Hashemi M., DaCosta M., Craker L., Maggi F., Morshedloo M.R. 2019. Effect of salinity stress on the physiological characteristics, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Thymus vulgaris L. and Thymus daenensis Celak. Industrial Crops and Products 135: 311-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.04.055
Castillo J.M., Mancilla-Leytón J.M., Martins-Noguerol R., Moreira X., Moreno-Pérez A.J., Muñoz-Vallés S., Pedroche J.J., Figueroa M.E., García-González A., Salas J.J., Millán-Linares M.C. 2022. Interactive effects between salinity and nutrient deficiency on biomass production and bio-active compounds accumulation in the halophyte Crithmum maritimum. Scientia Horticulturae 301: 111136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2022.111136
Ebadi M.T., Azizi M., Farzaneh A. 2011. Effect of drought stress on germination factors of four improved cultivars of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Journal of Plant Production 18(2): 119-131. (In Farsi).
Fazeli-Nasab B., Khajeh H., Piri R., Moradian Z. 2023. Effect of humic acid on germination characteristics of Lallemantia royleana and Cyamopsis tetragonoloba under salinity stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Research 9(2): 51-62. (In Farsi). https://doi.org/10.61186/yujs.9.2.51
Gao X., Ohlander M., Jeppsson N., Björk L., Trajkovski V. 2000. Changes in antioxidant effects and their relationship to phytonutrients in fruits of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) during maturation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 48(5): 1485-1490. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf991072g
Ghayour M., Taherian M., Bidel S. 2019. The effect of drought stress and the efficiency of growth stimulating hormone on the quality of Securiger securidaca L. seeds using standard germination tests and total phenol content. Second International Conference on Medicinal Plants, Organic Agriculture, Natural Resources and Pharmaceuticals. https://civilica.com/doc/918525
Hajirad I., Mirlatifi S.M., Dehghanisanij H., Mohammadi S. 2021. Determining yield response factor (ky) of silage maize under different irrigation levels of pulsed and continuous irrigation management. Central Asian Journal of Plant Science Innovation 1(4): 214-220. https://doi.org/10.22034/CAJPSI.2021.04.05
Hao S., Wang Y., Yan Y., Liu Y., Wang J., Chen S. 2021. A review on plant responses to salt stress and their mechanisms of salt resistance. Horticulturae 7(6): 132. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7060132
Huang J., Redmann R.E. 1995. Salt tolerance of Hordeum and Brassica species during germination and early seedling growth. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 75(4): 815-819. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjps95-137
Jahromi F., Aroca R., Porcel R., Ruiz-Lozano J.M. 2008. Influence of salinity on the in vitro development of Glomus intraradices and on the in vivo physiological and molecular responses of mycorrhizal lettuce plants. Microbial Ecology 55(1): 45-53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-007-9249-7
Kandil A.A., Sharief A.E., Elokda M.A. 2012. Germination and seedling characters of different wheat cultivars under salinity stress. Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 8(2): 585-596. https://doi.org/10.6000/1927-5129.2012.08.02.52
Kaya M.D., Okçu G., Atak M., Cıkılı Y., Kolsarıcı Ö. 2006. Seed treatments to overcome salt and drought stress during germination in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). European Journal of Agronomy 24(4): 291-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2005.08.001
Kolupaev Y.E., Yastreb T.O., Ryabchun N.I., Kokorev A.I., Kolomatska V.P., Dmitriev A.P. 2023. Redox homeostasis of cereals during acclimation to drought. Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology 35: 133-168. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40626-023-00271-7
Ksouri R., Megdiche W., Debez A., Falleh H., Grignon C., Abdelly C. 2007. Salinity effects on polyphenol content and antioxidant activities in leaves of the halophyte Cakile maritima. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 45(3-4): 244-249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2007.02.001
Luan Z., Xiao M., Zhou D., Zhang H., Tian Y., Wu Y., Guan B., Song Y. 2014. Effects of salinity, temperature, and polyethylene glycol on the seed germination of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The Scientific World Journal 2014: 170418. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/170418
Lutts S., Benincasa P., Wojtyla L., Kubala S., Pace R., Lechowska K., Quinet M., Garnczarska M. 2016. Seed priming: new comprehensive approaches for an old empirical technique. InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/64420
Malik J.A., AlQarawi A.A., AlZain M.N., Dar B.A., Habib M.M., Ibrahim S.N.S. 2022. Effect of salinity and temperature on the seed germination and seedling growth of desert forage grass Lasiurus scindicus Henr. Sustainability 14(14): 8387. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14148387
Michel B.E., Kaufmann M.R. 1973. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology 51(5): 914-916. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.51.5.914
Moradi A., Piri R. 2018. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhances salinity stress tolerance in cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) during germination stage. Journal of Plant Process and Function 6(22): 47-54. https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23222727.1396.6.22.8.2
Moradi A., Sohrabiani S., Piri R., Fazeli-Nasab B., Farooq M. 2023. Efficacy of Priming Technique to Enhance Germination of Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) Seeds of Different Lifespans. Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops 3(3): 152-161. https://doi.org/10.22126/atic.2023.8979.1089
Nakabayashi R., Mori T., Saito K. 2014. Alternation of flavonoid accumulation under drought stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signaling & Behavior 9(8): e29518. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.29518
Okçu G., Kaya M.D., Atak M. 2005. Effects of salt and drought stresses on germination and seedling growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.). Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 29(4): 237-242.
Paravar A., Piri R., Balouchi H., Ma Y. 2023. Microbial seed coating: an attractive tool for sustainable agriculture. Biotechnology Reports 37: e00781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00781
Piri R., Moradi A., Balouchi H. 2020. Improvement of salinity stress in cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seedling by inoculation with Rhizobacteria. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90(2): 371-375. https://doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i2.99025
Piri R., Moradi A., Balouchi H., Salehi A. 2019. Improvement of cumin (Cuminum cyminum) seed performance under drought stress by seed coating and biopriming. Scientia Horticulturae 257: 108667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2019.108667
Safdar H., Amin A., Shafiq Y., Ali A., Yasin R., Shoukat A., Sarwar M.I. 2019. A review: Impact of salinity on plant growth. Nature and Science 17(1): 34-40. https://doi.org/10.7537/marsnsj170119.06
Sedghi M., Nemati A., Amanpour-Balaneji B., Gholipouri A. 2010. Influence of different priming materials on germination and seedling establishment of milk thistle (Silybum marianum) under salinity stress. World Applied Sciences Journal 11(5): 604-609.
Singh D., Singh C.K., Taunk J., Tomar R.S.S., Chaturvedi A.K., Gaikwad K., Pal M. 2017. Transcriptome analysis of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) in response to seedling drought stress. BMC Genomics 18: 206. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-017-3596-7
Tobe K., Li X., Omasa K. 2004. Effects of five different salts on seed germination and seedling growth of Haloxylon ammodendron (Chenopodiaceae). Seed Science Research 14(4): 345-353. https://doi.org/10.1079/SSR2004188
Turk M.A., Taw A.R.M., Lee K.D. 2004. Seed germination and seedling growth of three lentil cultivars under moisture stress. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences 3(3): 394-397. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2004.394.397
Wang X., Tian W., Zheng W., Shah S., Li J., Wang X., Zhang X. 2023. Quantitative relationships between salty water irrigation and tomato yield, quality, and irrigation water use efficiency: A meta-analysis. Agricultural Water Management 280: 108213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2023.108213
Zeinali R., Sadeghi F., Dehghan M. 2019. Effect of methyl jasmonate on germination index, proline and peroxidaze enzyme activity at fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) under NaCl stress. Iranian Journal of Seed Sciences and Research 6(3): 359-368. (In Farsi). https://doi.org/10.22124/jms.2019.3818
Ziogas V., Tanou G., Morianou G., Kourgialas N. 2021. Drought and salinity in citriculture: optimal practices to alleviate salinity and water stress. Agronomy 11(7): 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071283
 
Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops
Volume 4, Issue 4
Agrotechniques in Industrial Crops (Agrotech Ind Crops) (Online ISSN: 2783-2945)
December 2024
Pages 205-212

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics